ABSTRACT
Con el fin de identificar la asociación entre factores familiares (estructura, funcionalidad y contexto socioeconómico) y la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal en escolares, se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 120 niños escolares (5-11 años) y sus madres que acudieron a un servicio de atención pediátrica en la ciudad de Colima, México. El sobrepeso se definió con el indicador IMC con un puntaje Z > +1 desviación estándar y la obesidad abdominal como circunferencia de cintura > del percentil 75 por sexo y edad. Se evaluó tamaño y tipo de familia, tipo de hogar, relación de los padres y funcionalidad familiar. Las asociaciones se analizaron con regresión logística múltiple. Se encontró 33% de sobrepeso y 33,7% de obesidad abdominal. El menor tamaño de la familia, la mayor marginalidad de la colonia (barrio) de residencia, la percepción de problemas en la economía familiar, el mayor peso al nacer y la mayor edad se asociaron con el sobrepeso. Mientras que el menor tamaño de la familia, el mayor peso al nacer y la mayor edad se asociaron con obesidad abdominal. Para programas de prevención de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal, sugerimos incluir un enfoque de sistemas familiares que considere el tamaño de la familia y variables del contexto socioeconómico, ya que condicionan su dinámica de interacción(AU)
To identify the association between family factors (structure, functionality, and socioeconomic context) and the presence of overweight and abdominal obesity in school children, an analytical cross-sectional study was performed in 120 schoolchildren (5-11 years old) and their mothers assisting to a pediatric care service at Colima City, Mexico. Overweight was defined with the BMI indicator with a Z-score > +1 standard deviation and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference > 75th percentile by sex and age. Family size and type, type of home, parents' relationship, and family functionality were evaluated. Associations were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Overweight was present in 33%, and abdominal obesity in 33.7% of the children. A smaller family size, greater neighborhood marginality, a perception of problems in the family economy, a larger birth weight and older age were associated with overweight. A smaller family size, higher birth weight and older age were associated with abdominal obesity. We suggest a family systems approach, including family size and variables of socioeconomic context -which determine their interaction dynamics-, in programs for overweight and abdominal obesity prevention(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Overweight , Feeding Behavior , Obesity, Abdominal , Socioeconomic Factors , Body Mass Index , Pediatric ObesityABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: Evaluate association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic markers. Materials and methods: 654 adolescents from Guadalajara, Jalisco, participated in a cross-sectional study. Diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire; 24 food groups were integrated, and dietary patterns were derived using cluster analysis. MetS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook and colleagues, Ford and colleagues, and de Ferranti and colleagues criteria. Results: Dietary patterns identified were: "DP1", "DP2", and "DP3". Among males, "DP3" was associated with MetS (Cook and collaborators) (OR, 12.14; 95%CI, 1.66-89.05), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 3.89; 95%CI, 1.01-15.07), and insulin resistance (OR, 6.66; 95%CI, 1.12-39.70). "DP2" was associated with abdominal obesity (OR, 5.11; 95%CI, 1.57-16.66). Conclusions: "DP3" entertained a greater risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance, while "DP2" possessed a greater risk of abdominal obesity among adolescent males.
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de patrones dietarios (PD) con síndrome metabólico (SM) y marcadores metabólicos. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con 654 adolescentes. Dieta evaluada con el cuestionario "frecuencia de consumos de alimentos"; se identificaron 24 grupos de alimentos, para obtener PD mediante análisis de conglomerados. SM se definió según los criterios: Federación de Diabetes Internacional (IDF), Cook y colaboradores, Ford y colaboradores y Ferranti y colaboradores. Resultados: Se identificaron tres PD: "PD1", "PD2" y "PD3". En hombres, "PD3" se asoció con SM (Cook y colaboradores) (RM, 12.14; IC95%, 1.66-89.05), hipertrigliceridemia (RM, 3.89; IC95%, 1.01-15.07) y resistencia a insulina (RM, 6.66; IC95%, 1.12-39.70). El patrón "PD2" se asoció con obesidad abdominal (RM, 5.11; IC95%, 1.57-16.66). Conclusiones: El patrón "PD3" aumenta el riesgo de SM, hipertrigliceridemia y resistencia a insulina y el "PD2" el riesgo de obesidad abdominal en adolescentes hombres.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Feeding Behavior , Energy Intake , Insulin Resistance , Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity, Abdominal/etiology , Fast Foods/adverse effects , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Portion Size , Food/classificationABSTRACT
Abstract Previous studies have reported a relationship between being a victim of bullying, but no studies have been carried out with Mexican students; notwithstanding the high scores of bullying in Mexico in international rankings. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being a victim of bullying and lower HRQoL among schoolchildren and adolescents in Mexico. This cross-sectional and correlational study involved 2225 students from 22 elementary, middle and high schools. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire and bullying with the social adaptation dimension of KIDSCREEN-52. Bivariate associations were evaluated, and a multivariate logistic regression was utilized. The prevalence of victims of bullying was 17.3%. Being a victim of bullying was double the risk of having a lower HRQoL than not being a victim after adjusting for health perception, gender and age, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). As the Wilson and Cleary Model of Quality of Life explains, individual characteristics, such as, being a victim of bullying are associated with quality of life. Similar findings in the existing literature imply that bullying is a global phenomenon that impacts the victimized child or adolescent's life in different ways.
Resumo Pesquisas prévias informaram que ser vítima de "bullying" se associa à menor Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde (QVRS); mas nenhuma foi realizada em estudantes Mexicanos apesar dos altos índices de "bullying" mostrados para o México nos rankings internacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre ser vítima de "bullying" e QVRS. Este estudo transversal e de correlação incluiu 2225 crianças e adolescentes de 22 escolas de nível básico, médio básico e médio superior. A QVRS foi avaliada com o questionário KIDSCREEN-10 e o "bullying" com a dimensão de aceitação social do KIDSCREEN-52. Analisaram-se as associações bivariadas, verificou-se confusão e interação, e utilizou-se regressão logística multivariável. A prevalência de vítimas de "bullying" foi de 17.3%. Ser vítima de "bullying" obteve um risco de mais do dobro de QVRS inferior que não ser vítima, depois de ajustar pela percepção de saúde, gênero e idade, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). No mesmo sentido que o referido pelo Modelo de Wilson e Cleary, em estudantes mexicanos com características individuais como ser vítima de "bullying", associam-se à QVRS, descoberta similar ao encontrado na literatura existente o que implica que o "bullying" é um fenômeno global que se reflete em diferentes aspectos da vida em crianças e adolescentes vitimizados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Students/statistics & numerical data , Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data , Bullying/statistics & numerical data , Schools , Social Adjustment , Students/psychology , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Bullying/psychology , MexicoABSTRACT
Con el objeto de evaluar la asociación de la actividad física y conductas sedentarias con la calidad de vida en universitarios en Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México, se estudiaron 881 adolescentes de 17-19 años de edad. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios en línea: Youth Quality of Life Instrument Research versión y el Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Se obtuvo razón de momios [RM] mediante regresión logística simple y múltiple. El número de días de actividad física se relacionó con el índice total superior, dominios general superior, personal superior y ambiental superior. Jugar en > 2 equipos deportivos se relacionó con el índice total superior, dominio general superior, dominio personal superior y dominio ambiental superior. Tener 4-5 clases de educación física a la semana se relacionó con el dominio general superior. Pasar dos o menos horas al día frente a la pantalla se relacionó con el dominio relacional superior. En conclusión, en los universitarios adolescentes mexicanos se asoció a indicadores de mejor calidad de vida, el realizar actividad física 4 o más días a la semana, asistir a clases de educación física 4 o 5 semanales, participar en 2 o más equipos deportivos y pasar menos de 2 horas diarias horas frente a pantallas en actividades recreativas.
With the aim of evaluating the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with quality of life (QoL) in undergraduate students of Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, a total of 881 adolescents aged between 17 and 19 were studied. Online questionnaires were used, namely the research version of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Odd ratios (OR) were obtained using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The number of days with physical activity was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Playing in > 2 sports teams was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Having 4-5 physical education classes/week was related with a higher general QoL domain. Limiting recreational screen time to < 2 hours/day was related with a higher relationship domain. In conclusion, in Mexican undergraduate adolescent students, higher QoL was associated with: physical activity at least 4 days/week; physical education classes 4 or more days/week; playing in 2 or more sports teams and limiting recreational screen time to 2 hours or less.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Motor Activity , Quality of Life , Sedentary Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico , Students , Urban HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of centrality in social network positions on tobacco-use among high-school adolescents in Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal sociometric social network data were collected among 486 high-school adolescents in 2003 and 399 in 2004. The survey included: social network components, smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Social network measures of centrality were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS: Ever used tobacco (OR= 44.98), marginalized-low stratum (OR= 2.16) and in-degree (OR=1.10) predicted tobacco use. Out-degree (OR= 0 .89) and out-in-degree (OR= 0.90) protected against tobacco use. CONCLUSION: Nominating more friends rather than receiving such nominations was protective for tobacco use. Popular students, those receiving many nominations, were at higher risk for tobacco use. Involvement of leaders with capacity to influence might be an efficient strategy for dissemination of preventive messages.
OBJETIVO: Identificar el efecto de posiciones de centralidad de la red social sobre el uso de tabaco en adolescentes de preparatoria en Tonalá, Jalisco. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal de redes sociales sociométricas. Participaron 486 bachilleres (2003) y 399 (2004). La encuesta incluyó: componentes de redes sociales, tabaquismo y características sociodemográficas. Se calcularon medidas de centralidad de redes sociales y utilizó regresión logística multivariada. RESULTADOS: El consumo alguna vez de tabaco (RM= 44.98), estrato socioeconómico marginado-bajo (RM= 2.16) y vínculos recibidos (RM=1.10) predijeron el tabaquismo; mientras que los vínculos enviados (RM= 0.89) y la diferencia entre vínculos enviados y recibidos (RM= 0.90) protegieron contra el tabaquismo. CONCLUSIÓN: Nombrar más amigos que ser nombrado por otros protegió contra el tabaquismo. Los estudiantes populares, aquellos con muchos nombramientos, tuvieron mayor riesgo de ser consumidores. La inclusión de líderes con influencia podría ser una estrategia eficiente en la diseminación de mensajes preventivos.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Behavior , Psychology, Adolescent , Smoking/psychology , Social Support , Follow-Up Studies , Friends , Mexico/epidemiology , Peer Group , Surveys and Questionnaires , Schools , Smoking/epidemiology , Social Isolation , Students/psychologyABSTRACT
El objetivo fue evaluar las asociaciones entre comportamientos de control de peso y sobrepeso medido por IMC, sobrepeso percibido o percepción errónea del peso en adolescentes por género. Participaron 492 adolescentes universitarios de 17 a 19 años de edad. Se utilizó un cuestionario auto aplicado en línea y se midió peso y estatura. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron kappa ponderada y regresión logística multivariada. La concordancia entre el peso percibido y el medido por IMC fue 78.7% y la kappa ponderada=0.62. Los adolescentes que percibieron sobrepeso intentaron con más frecuencia bajar de peso, hacer ejercicio y comer menos alimentos que los que tenían sobrepeso medido por IMC. Una cuarta parte intentó bajarlo aún sin percibir o tener sobrepeso real. La posibilidad de tratar de bajar de peso fue mayor en hombres y mujeres con sobrepeso percibido (RM=18.7, IC 95% 6.3-55.3 y RM=10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2 respectivamente) y en mujeres que sobrestimaron el peso corporal (RM =6.0, IC 95% 2.8- 12.7). Hubo menos posibilidad de tratar de bajar peso cuando se subestimó el peso en hombres (RM = 0.03, IC 95% 0.01-0.12) y mujeres (RM=0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). En conclusión, el comportamiento de bajar de peso se explica mejor en adolescentes en ambos géneros que percibían sobre peso y en mujeres que lo sobre estimaban, mientras que los hombres intentaron menos bajarlo si subestimaban su peso.
Perceived or BMI-measured overweight and weight controlbehaviors in undergraduate adolescents from Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México. The aim was to evaluate associations between weight control behaviorsand overweight measured by BMI, overweight perception or inaccurate weight perception. 492 undergraduate adolescents from 17 to 19 years old participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire on line was applied and weight and height were measured. Statistical analysis included weighted kappa and multivariate logistic regression. The concordance between weight perception and that evaluated by BMI was 78.7%, weight kappa = 0.62. Adolescents who perceived overweight tried to lose weight, exercised and ate less food more frequently than those who were overweight evaluated by BMI. A quarter tried to lose weight eventhough they did not perceive or were actually overweight.The odds of trying to lose weight were higher in men and women who perceived overweight (OR = 18.7,CI 95% 6.3-55.3and OR = 10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2, respectively) andwomen who overestimated overweight (OR = 6.0, CI 95% 2.8-12.7).The odds of tying to lose weight when weight was underestimated were less in men (OR = 0.03, CI 95% 0.01-0.12) and women (OR = 0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). In conclusion the behavior of trying to lose weight was better explained among adolescents of both genders who perceived overweight and among girls who overestimated it.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Behavior Control/psychology , Body Image/psychology , Overweight/psychology , Weight Perception/physiology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre lípidos e insulina en adolescentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 350 adolescentes de 14 a 19 años de preparatoria pública en Guadalajara, Jal., México. La insulina se midió por inmunoensayo enzimático de micropartícula, el colesterol total y triglicéridos por pruebas enzimáticas estándares, y las lipoproteínas de baja y alta densidad por métodos de precipitación. Se utilizó análisis de regresión lineal multivariada. RESULTADOS: Los triglicéridos se asociaron en forma positiva con insulina (b= 0.003, p= 0.0001) y la lipoproteína de alta densidad se asoció en forma negativa con insulina en varones de 18-19 años de edad (b= -0.03, p= 0.012). CONCLUSIONES: En los adolescentes, los triglicéridos y las lipoproteínas de alta densidad están asociados con la insulinemia.